/* Reset and Base Styles */
* {
    margin: 0;
    padding: 0;
    box-sizing: border-box;
    font-family: 'Segoe UI', 'Helvetica Neue', Arial, sans-serif;
}

:root {
    --ieee-blue: #006699;
    --ieee-blue-dark: #004466;
    --ieee-blue-light: #e6f2f8;
    --accent-gold: #ffcc00;
    --text-dark: #333333;
    --text-medium: #555555;
    --text-light: #777777;
    --text-white: #ffffff;
    --bg-light: #f8f9fa;
    --border-color: #e0e0e0;
    --border-light: #f0f0f0;
    --shadow: 0 2px 8px rgba(0,0,0,0.05);
    --shadow-hover: 0 4px 12px rgba(0,0,0,0.08);
    --transition: all 0.3s ease;
}

body {
    color: var(--text-dark);
    line-height: 1.6;
    background-color: var(--bg-light);
    font-size: 16px;
}

.container {
    max-width: 1200px;
    margin: 0 auto;
    padding: 0 20px;
}

a {
    text-decoration: none;
    color: var(--ieee-blue);
    transition: var(--transition);
}

a:hover {
    text-decoration: underline;
}

/* Top Header */
.top-header {
    background-color: var(--text-white);
    border-bottom: 1px solid var(--border-color);
    padding: 8px 0;
}

.top-header .container {
    display: flex;
    justify-content: space-between;
    align-items: center;
}

.ieee-global-nav {
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    gap: 5px;
    font-size: 0.9rem;
}

.top-links {
    display: flex;
    gap: 25px;
    font-size: 0.9rem;
}

.top-links a {
    color: var(--text-medium);
}

.top-links a:hover {
    color: var(--ieee-blue);
}

/* Main Header */
.main-header {
    background-color: var(--text-white);
    padding: 20px 0;
    box-shadow: var(--shadow);
}

.main-header .container {
    display: flex;
    justify-content: space-between;
    align-items: center;
}

.logo-container {
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    gap: 15px;
}

.site-title {
    font-size: 1.8rem;
    color: var(--ieee-blue);
    font-weight: 700;
}

.search-container {
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    border: 1px solid var(--border-color);
    border-radius: 4px;
    overflow: hidden;
    width: 300px;
}

.search-container input {
    flex-grow: 1;
    border: none;
    padding: 10px 15px;
    font-size: 0.95rem;
}

.search-container button {
    background-color: var(--ieee-blue);
    color: white;
    border: none;
    padding: 10px 15px;
    cursor: pointer;
    transition: var(--transition);
}

.search-container button:hover {
    background-color: var(--ieee-blue-dark);
}

/* Main Navigation */
.main-nav {
    background-color: var(--ieee-blue);
    color: white;
}

.nav-links {
    display: flex;
    list-style: none;
}

.nav-links li {
    position: relative;
}

.nav-links a {
    display: block;
    padding: 16px 20px;
    color: white;
    text-decoration: none;
    font-weight: 500;
    transition: var(--transition);
}

.nav-links a:hover {
    background-color: rgba(255,255,255,0.1);
    text-decoration: none;
}

.nav-links a.active {
    background-color: rgba(255,255,255,0.15);
}

/* Breadcrumb */
.breadcrumb {
    background-color: var(--text-white);
    padding: 15px 0;
    border-bottom: 1px solid var(--border-color);
    font-size: 0.9rem;
}

.breadcrumb span {
    color: var(--text-light);
    margin: 0 5px;
}

/* Hero Section */
.hero {
    background-color: var(--text-white);
    padding: 40px 0 30px;
}

.hero h1 {
    font-size: 2.3rem;
    color: var(--ieee-blue);
    margin-bottom: 20px;
    font-weight: 700;
    line-height: 1.2;
}

.hero-subtitle {
    font-size: 1.1rem;
    color: var(--text-medium);
    max-width: 800px;
    line-height: 1.6;
}

/* Main Content */
.main-container {
    padding: 40px 0;
    display: grid;
    grid-template-columns: 2fr 1fr;
    gap: 40px;
}

/* Article Content */
.article-content {
    background-color: var(--text-white);
    border-radius: 6px;
    box-shadow: var(--shadow);
    overflow: hidden;
}

/* Article Image Area */
.article-image {
    width: 100%;
    height: 400px;
    background-color: #f0f0f0;
    position: relative;
    overflow: hidden;
}

.article-image img {
    width: 100%;
    height: 100%;
    object-fit: cover;
    display: block;
}

.image-placeholder {
    position: absolute;
    top: 0;
    left: 0;
    width: 100%;
    height: 100%;
    background: linear-gradient(135deg, var(--ieee-blue-dark) 0%, var(--ieee-blue) 100%);
    display: flex;
    flex-direction: column;
    align-items: center;
    justify-content: center;
    color: white;
    text-align: center;
    padding: 20px;
}

.image-placeholder i {
    font-size: 4rem;
    margin-bottom: 20px;
    color: var(--accent-gold);
}

.image-placeholder div {
    font-size: 1.5rem;
    font-weight: 600;
    margin-bottom: 10px;
}

.placeholder-subtitle {
    font-size: 1.2rem;
    opacity: 0.9;
}

.article-body {
    padding: 40px;
}

.article-body p {
    margin-bottom: 20px;
    font-size: 1.05rem;
    line-height: 1.7;
    color: var(--text-dark);
}

.article-body h3 {
    font-size: 1.5rem;
    color: var(--ieee-blue);
    margin: 30px 0 15px;
    font-weight: 600;
}

.highlight-box {
    background-color: var(--ieee-blue-light);
    border-left: 4px solid var(--ieee-blue);
    padding: 25px;
    margin: 30px 0;
    border-radius: 0 4px 4px 0;
}

/* Author Info Section */
.author-info {
    background-color: #f9f9f9;
    border-top: 1px solid var(--border-color);
    padding: 40px;
}

.author-header {
    display: flex;
    align-items: flex-start;
    gap: 30px;
}

.author-photo {
    width: 200px;
    height: 200px;
    border-radius: 8px;
    overflow: hidden;
    background-color: var(--ieee-blue-light);
    position: relative;
    flex-shrink: 0;
    border: 1px solid var(--border-color);
}

.author-photo img {
    width: 100%;
    height: 100%;
    object-fit: cover;
    display: block;
}

.photo-placeholder {
    position: absolute;
    top: 0;
    left: 0;
    width: 100%;
    height: 100%;
    background-color: var(--ieee-blue-light);
    display: flex;
    flex-direction: column;
    align-items: center;
    justify-content: center;
    color: var(--ieee-blue);
    text-align: center;
}

.photo-placeholder i {
    font-size: 3rem;
    margin-bottom: 15px;
}

.author-details {
    flex-grow: 1;
}

.author-name {
    font-size: 1.8rem;
    color: var(--ieee-blue);
    margin-bottom: 8px;
    font-weight: 700;
    text-transform: uppercase;
}

.author-title {
    font-size: 1.1rem;
    color: var(--text-medium);
    margin-bottom: 25px;
    font-weight: 600;
    line-height: 1.5;
}

.author-bio {
    font-size: 1.05rem;
    color: var(--text-dark);
    line-height: 1.7;
    margin-bottom: 30px;
}

.author-bio p {
    margin-bottom: 15px;
}

/* Technical Info */
.technical-info {
    background-color: white;
    border-radius: 6px;
    padding: 20px;
    border: 1px solid var(--border-color);
}

.info-item {
    display: flex;
    align-items: flex-start;
    gap: 15px;
    margin-bottom: 15px;
    padding-bottom: 15px;
    border-bottom: 1px solid var(--border-light);
}

.info-item:last-child {
    margin-bottom: 0;
    padding-bottom: 0;
    border-bottom: none;
}

.info-item i {
    color: var(--ieee-blue);
    font-size: 1.2rem;
    margin-top: 3px;
    flex-shrink: 0;
}

.info-item div {
    flex-grow: 1;
}

.info-item strong {
    color: var(--text-medium);
}

/* Publication Details */
.publication-details {
    padding: 40px;
    border-top: 1px solid var(--border-color);
}

.publication-details h3 {
    font-size: 1.5rem;
    color: var(--ieee-blue);
    margin-bottom: 25px;
    font-weight: 600;
}

.publication-grid {
    display: grid;
    grid-template-columns: repeat(auto-fill, minmax(300px, 1fr));
    gap: 25px;
}

.pub-item {
    background-color: #f9f9f9;
    border-radius: 6px;
    padding: 20px;
    border-left: 4px solid var(--ieee-blue);
}

.pub-item h4 {
    font-size: 1rem;
    color: var(--ieee-blue);
    margin-bottom: 10px;
    font-weight: 600;
}

.pub-item p {
    font-size: 1rem;
    color: var(--text-dark);
    line-height: 1.5;
}

/* Sidebar */
.sidebar {
    display: flex;
    flex-direction: column;
    gap: 30px;
}

.sidebar-card {
    background-color: var(--text-white);
    border-radius: 6px;
    box-shadow: var(--shadow);
    overflow: hidden;
}

.sidebar-header {
    background-color: var(--ieee-blue);
    color: white;
    padding: 15px 20px;
    font-size: 1.1rem;
    font-weight: 600;
}

.sidebar-body {
    padding: 20px;
}

/* Leadership Card */
.leadership-card {
    text-align: center;
    padding: 20px 0;
}

.leadership-icon {
    width: 70px;
    height: 70px;
    background-color: var(--ieee-blue-light);
    border-radius: 50%;
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    justify-content: center;
    margin: 0 auto 15px;
    color: var(--ieee-blue);
}

.leadership-icon i {
    font-size: 2rem;
}

.leadership-content h4 {
    font-size: 1.2rem;
    color: var(--ieee-blue);
    margin-bottom: 5px;
}

.leadership-role {
    font-size: 1rem;
    color: var(--text-medium);
    font-weight: 600;
    margin-bottom: 5px;
}

.leadership-region {
    font-size: 0.9rem;
    color: var(--text-light);
    margin-bottom: 10px;
}

.leadership-desc {
    font-size: 0.9rem;
    color: var(--text-medium);
    line-height: 1.5;
}

/* Sidebar Links */
.sidebar-links {
    list-style: none;
}

.sidebar-links li {
    margin-bottom: 12px;
    padding-bottom: 12px;
    border-bottom: 1px solid var(--border-light);
}

.sidebar-links li:last-child {
    margin-bottom: 0;
    padding-bottom: 0;
    border-bottom: none;
}

.sidebar-links a {
    color: var(--text-dark);
    display: block;
    padding: 8px 0;
    transition: var(--transition);
}

.sidebar-links a:hover {
    color: var(--ieee-blue);
    text-decoration: none;
    padding-left: 5px;
}

/* Resource Items */
.resource-item {
    margin-bottom: 15px;
    padding-bottom: 15px;
    border-bottom: 1px solid var(--border-light);
}

.resource-item:last-child {
    margin-bottom: 0;
    padding-bottom: 0;
    border-bottom: none;
}

.resource-item a {
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    gap: 12px;
    color: var(--text-dark);
    padding: 8px 0;
    transition: var(--transition);
}

.resource-item a:hover {
    color: var(--ieee-blue);
    text-decoration: none;
}

.resource-item i {
    color: var(--ieee-blue);
    font-size: 1rem;
    width: 20px;
}

/* Photo Instructions */
.photo-instructions {
    background-color: #fff9e6;
    border: 1px solid #ffcc00;
}

.photo-instructions .sidebar-header {
    background-color: #ffcc00;
    color: #333;
}

.instructions-list {
    padding-left: 20px;
    margin: 15px 0;
}

.instructions-list li {
    margin-bottom: 10px;
    line-height: 1.5;
}

.instructions-list ul {
    padding-left: 20px;
    margin-top: 5px;
}

.instructions-list code {
    background-color: #f0f0f0;
    padding: 2px 6px;
    border-radius: 4px;
    font-family: monospace;
    font-size: 0.9rem;
}

/* Footer */
footer {
    background-color: #222222;
    color: #cccccc;
    padding: 50px 0 20px;
}

.footer-content {
    display: grid;
    grid-template-columns: repeat(4, 1fr);
    gap: 30px;
    margin-bottom: 40px;
}

.footer-column h3 {
    font-size: 1.1rem;
    color: #ffffff;
    margin-bottom: 20px;
    font-weight: 600;
}

.footer-links {
    list-style: none;
}

.footer-links li {
    margin-bottom: 10px;
}

.footer-links a {
    color: #aaaaaa;
    text-decoration: none;
    font-size: 0.9rem;
    transition: var(--transition);
}

.footer-links a:hover {
    color: #ffffff;
    text-decoration: underline;
}

.footer-bottom {
    border-top: 1px solid #444444;
    padding-top: 20px;
    display: flex;
    justify-content: space-between;
    align-items: center;
    font-size: 0.85rem;
}

.footer-bottom-links {
    display: flex;
    gap: 20px;
}

.footer-bottom-links a {
    color: #aaaaaa;
}

.copyright {
    color: #888888;
    text-align: center;
    margin-top: 20px;
    font-size: 0.85rem;
    line-height: 1.5;
}

/* Responsive Design */
@media (max-width: 1024px) {
    .main-container {
        grid-template-columns: 1fr;
    }
    
    .footer-content {
        grid-template-columns: repeat(2, 1fr);
    }
}

@media (max-width: 768px) {
    .main-header .container {
        flex-direction: column;
        gap: 20px;
    }
    
    .search-container {
        width: 100%;
    }
    
    .nav-links {
        flex-wrap: wrap;
    }
    
    .nav-links a {
        padding: 12px 15px;
    }
    
    .hero h1 {
        font-size: 1.9rem;
    }
    
    .article-body {
        padding: 25px;
    }
    
    .author-header {
        flex-direction: column;
        align-items: center;
        text-align: center;
    }
    
    .author-photo {
        width: 250px;
        height: 250px;
    }
    
    .publication-grid {
        grid-template-columns: 1fr;
    }
    
    .footer-content {
        grid-template-columns: 1fr;
    }
    
    .footer-bottom {
        flex-direction: column;
        gap: 15px;
        text-align: center;
    }
    
    .footer-bottom-links {
        flex-wrap: wrap;
        justify-content: center;
    }
}

@media (max-width: 576px) {
    .top-header .container {
        flex-direction: column;
        gap: 10px;
        text-align: center;
    }
    
    .hero h1 {
        font-size: 1.6rem;
    }
    
    .article-image {
        height: 300px;
    }
    
    .article-body {
        padding: 20px;
    }
    
    .author-info {
        padding: 25px;
    }
    
    .publication-details {
        padding: 25px;
    }
}














/* Reset and Base Styles */
* {
    margin: 0;
    padding: 0;
    box-sizing: border-box;
    font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Segoe UI', Roboto, Oxygen, Ubuntu, sans-serif;
}

:root {
    --ieee-blue: #006699;
    --ieee-blue-dark: #004466;
    --ieee-blue-light: #e6f2f8;
    --accent-gold: #ffcc00;
    --text-dark: #222222;
    --text-medium: #555555;
    --text-light: #777777;
    --text-white: #ffffff;
    --bg-light: #f8f9fa;
    --border-color: #e0e0e0;
    --border-light: #f0f0f0;
    --shadow: 0 1px 3px rgba(0,0,0,0.1);
    --shadow-hover: 0 4px 12px rgba(0,0,0,0.08);
    --transition: all 0.3s ease;
}

html, body {
    height: 100%;
}

body {
    color: var(--text-dark);
    line-height: 1.6;
    background-color: var(--bg-light);
    font-size: 16px;
    display: flex;
    flex-direction: column;
    min-height: 100vh;
}

.container {
    max-width: 1200px;
    margin: 0 auto;
    padding: 0 20px;
}

a {
    text-decoration: none;
    color: var(--ieee-blue);
    transition: var(--transition);
}

a:hover {
    text-decoration: underline;
}

/* Top Header */
.top-header {
    background-color: var(--text-white);
    border-bottom: 1px solid var(--border-color);
    padding: 10px 0;
    flex-shrink: 0;
}

.top-header .container {
    display: flex;
    justify-content: space-between;
    align-items: center;
}

.ieee-global-nav {
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    gap: 8px;
    font-size: 0.9rem;
}

.top-links {
    display: flex;
    gap: 20px;
    font-size: 0.9rem;
}

.top-links a {
    color: var(--text-medium);
}

.top-links a:hover {
    color: var(--ieee-blue);
}

/* Main Header */
.main-header {
    background-color: var(--text-white);
    padding: 25px 0;
    border-bottom: 1px solid var(--border-color);
    flex-shrink: 0;
}

.main-header .container {
    display: flex;
    justify-content: space-between;
    align-items: center;
}

.logo-container {
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    gap: 15px;
}

.ieee-logo {
    height: 45px;
    width: auto;
}

.site-title {
    font-size: 1.9rem;
    color: var(--ieee-blue);
    font-weight: 700;
    letter-spacing: -0.5px;
}

.search-container {
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    border: 1px solid var(--border-color);
    border-radius: 4px;
    overflow: hidden;
    width: 320px;
}

.search-container input {
    flex-grow: 1;
    border: none;
    padding: 12px 16px;
    font-size: 0.95rem;
    color: var(--text-dark);
}

.search-container button {
    background-color: transparent;
    color: var(--text-medium);
    border: none;
    padding: 12px 16px;
    cursor: pointer;
    border-left: 1px solid var(--border-color);
}

.search-container button:hover {
    color: var(--ieee-blue);
}

/* Main Navigation */
.main-nav {
    background-color: var(--text-white);
    border-bottom: 1px solid var(--border-color);
    flex-shrink: 0;
}

.nav-container {
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    justify-content: space-between;
}

.nav-links {
    display: flex;
    list-style: none;
}

.nav-links li {
    position: relative;
}

.nav-links a {
    display: block;
    padding: 18px 22px;
    color: var(--text-dark);
    text-decoration: none;
    font-weight: 500;
    font-size: 0.95rem;
    transition: var(--transition);
}

.nav-links a:hover {
    color: var(--ieee-blue);
    background-color: rgba(0, 102, 153, 0.05);
}

.nav-links a.active {
    color: var(--ieee-blue);
    font-weight: 600;
}

.nominate-button {
    background-color: var(--ieee-blue);
    color: white;
    border: none;
    padding: 10px 20px;
    border-radius: 4px;
    font-weight: 600;
    font-size: 0.9rem;
    cursor: pointer;
    transition: var(--transition);
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    gap: 6px;
}

.nominate-button:hover {
    background-color: var(--ieee-blue-dark);
}

/* Breadcrumb */
.breadcrumb {
    background-color: var(--text-white);
    padding: 20px 0;
    border-bottom: 1px solid var(--border-color);
    font-size: 0.9rem;
    flex-shrink: 0;
}

.breadcrumb a {
    color: var(--text-medium);
}

.breadcrumb span {
    color: var(--text-light);
    margin: 0 8px;
}

/* Page Header for Articles Listing */
.page-header {
    background-color: var(--text-white);
    padding: 40px 0;
    border-bottom: 1px solid var(--border-color);
    flex-shrink: 0;
}

.page-header h1 {
    font-size: 2rem;
    color: var(--text-dark);
    font-weight: 400;
    margin-bottom: 10px;
}

.page-divider {
    height: 2px;
    background-color: var(--border-color);
    margin: 30px 0;
}

/* Main Content Wrapper */
.main-content-wrapper {
    flex: 1 0 auto;
    display: flex;
    flex-direction: column;
}

/* Articles List */
.articles-section {
    background-color: var(--text-white);
    padding: 40px 0;
    flex: 1 0 auto;
}

.articles-list {
    display: flex;
    flex-direction: column;
    gap: 40px;
    max-width: 800px;
    margin: 0 auto;
}

.article-item {
    padding-bottom: 40px;
    border-bottom: 1px solid var(--border-color);
}

.article-item:last-child {
    border-bottom: none;
    padding-bottom: 0;
}

.article-title {
    font-size: 1.5rem;
    color: var(--ieee-blue);
    margin-bottom: 15px;
    font-weight: 600;
    line-height: 1.3;
}

.article-excerpt {
    font-size: 1.05rem;
    color: var(--text-medium);
    margin-bottom: 20px;
    line-height: 1.6;
}

.read-article {
    display: inline-block;
    background-color: var(--ieee-blue);
    color: white;
    padding: 10px 20px;
    border-radius: 4px;
    font-weight: 600;
    font-size: 0.9rem;
    transition: var(--transition);
}

.read-article:hover {
    background-color: var(--ieee-blue-dark);
    text-decoration: none;
    transform: translateY(-2px);
    box-shadow: 0 4px 8px rgba(0,0,0,0.1);
}

/* Footer - FIXED AT BOTTOM */
footer {
    background-color: #222222;
    color: #cccccc;
    padding: 50px 0 20px;
    margin-top: auto;
    flex-shrink: 0;
    width: 100%;
}

.footer-container {
    max-width: 1200px;
    margin: 0 auto;
    padding: 0 20px;
}

.footer-content {
    display: grid;
    grid-template-columns: repeat(3, 1fr);
    gap: 40px;
    margin-bottom: 40px;
}

.footer-column h3 {
    font-size: 1.1rem;
    color: #ffffff;
    margin-bottom: 20px;
    font-weight: 600;
}

.footer-links {
    list-style: none;
}

.footer-links li {
    margin-bottom: 10px;
}

.footer-links a {
    color: #aaaaaa;
    text-decoration: none;
    font-size: 0.9rem;
    transition: var(--transition);
}

.footer-links a:hover {
    color: #ffffff;
    text-decoration: underline;
}

.footer-bottom {
    border-top: 1px solid #444444;
    padding-top: 25px;
    display: flex;
    justify-content: space-between;
    align-items: center;
    font-size: 0.85rem;
}

.footer-bottom-links {
    display: flex;
    gap: 25px;
}

.footer-bottom-links a {
    color: #aaaaaa;
}

.copyright {
    color: #888888;
    text-align: center;
    margin-top: 25px;
    font-size: 0.85rem;
    line-height: 1.5;
}

/* Responsive Design */
@media (max-width: 1024px) {
    .footer-content {
        grid-template-columns: repeat(2, 1fr);
    }
}

@media (max-width: 768px) {
    .main-header .container {
        flex-direction: column;
        gap: 20px;
        align-items: flex-start;
    }
    
    .search-container {
        width: 100%;
    }
    
    .nav-container {
        flex-direction: column;
        align-items: flex-start;
        gap: 15px;
    }
    
    .nav-links {
        flex-wrap: wrap;
    }
    
    .nav-links a {
        padding: 12px 16px;
    }
    
    .page-header h1 {
        font-size: 1.7rem;
    }
    
    .article-title {
        font-size: 1.3rem;
    }
    
    .footer-content {
        grid-template-columns: 1fr;
    }
    
    .footer-bottom {
        flex-direction: column;
        gap: 15px;
        text-align: center;
    }
    
    .footer-bottom-links {
        flex-wrap: wrap;
        justify-content: center;
    }
}

@media (max-width: 576px) {
    .top-header .container {
        flex-direction: column;
        gap: 10px;
        text-align: center;
    }
    
    .articles-list {
        padding: 0 10px;
    }
    
    .article-title {
        font-size: 1.2rem;
    }
}